| kim | who |
| ne | what |
| hangi | which |
| nere | where |
| ne zaman | when |
| kaç | how many |
| ne kadar | how much |
| nasıl | how |
| niye | why |
| neden | why |
| niçin | why |
Kim
kim is used questions where the target of the question is a person. It can combine with all the inflectional suffixes that attach to nouns and usually occurs in the positions occupied by the corresponding noun phrases:
| Resimleri kim değerlendirecek? |
| Who will evaluate the paintings? |
| Şule'nin babası kim? |
| Who is Şule's father? |
| Nuri kim-i görmüş ? |
| Whom did Nurı see? |
kim can have plural marking when the speaker knows or assumes that more than one person or type of person is involved:
| En çok kim-Ier-in çocuk-lar-i okulda başarılı oluyormuş? | Whose children (the children of what type of people) are the most successful at school? |
When kim combines with the comitative/instrumental marker -(y)la/ile, the result is kiminle 'with whom' However, kimle is also used in informal speech:
| En çok kim-(in)-le şakalaşmayı seviyorsun? | Who do you most like to fool around with? |
ne "what"
| Bu kutunun içinde ne-ler var? | What's in this box? |
| Serap Almanya'ya ne-yle gidiyor? | 'How (= by what means) is Serap going to Germany?' |
ne is also used when the modifier in a nominal compound is the target of a question:
| O adam ne doktor-u? | What is the specialization of that doctor? |
When used as a direct object, the non-case-marked ne indicates that the speaker has no preconceptions about the answer, whereas the accusative- case-marked neyi implies that the speaker expects the answer to fall within a specified set of items, usually concrete objects:
| Ne istiyorsun? | What do you want? |
| Neyi istiyorsun? | What do you want? |
The first question is a general inquiry about what the addressee wants, or expects to happen. The second question, on the other hand, would be asked in a situation where the speaker has a number of items in mind and expects the answer to refer to one of those items.
| Ne gibi :Tatil için ne gibi eşyalar alıyorsun? | What kind of things do you take for your holidays? |
| Ne biçim : İlyas ne gibi bir adam! Her zaman yalan söylüyor. | What kind of person is Ilyas! He always tell lies |
nere "where"
The word nere- is used in its bare form only in non-standard dialects of Turkısh. In standard Turkısh it is always inflected. Nere- occurs in the posi¬tions occupied by noun phrases, and it can combine with all the inflectional suffixes that attach to nouns.
| Elbise-ler-in-i nere-den al-di-n? | Where did you buy your clothes from? |
| En çok nere-ler-i gormek istiyorsun? | What places do you most want to see? |
| igne-yi nere-n-den yap-acak-lar? | On what part of you? (lit. 'Where on you) are they going to do the injection? |
nerede, neresi
nerede is used when inquiring about the location of a person or object:
| Patagonya nere-de? | Where is Patagonia? |
| Arjantin'de | In Argentina' |
neresi is the form used when inquiring about a place itself, as opposed to the location of a particular object or person:
| Bura-si nere-si? | Where are we?' (lit.' What place is this?') |
neresi seeks as an answer a property or a characteristic that describes a loca¬tion, rather than the whereabouts of a place. For example the response to a question like would be a remark which contains a characteristic of Patagonia, such as Arjantin 'in güneyinde yari kurak bir plato '[It is] a semi- arid plateau in southern Argentina':
| Patagonya nere-si? | What and where is Patagonia? |
| Nerelisin? | Where are you from? |
| Sen nerelisin? Ben İzmirliyim . | Where are you from? I am from Smyrna. |
hangi "which"
modifies a noun phrase:
| Ahmet hangi doktora giiveniyor? | Which doctor does Ahmet trust? |
A noun phrase containing hangi is always marked with the accusative case when it is the direct object:
| Hangi kitab-i satin alacaksin? | Which book will you buy? |
Like most determiners, hangi can be pronominalized by the addition of a possessive suffix:
| Kazanan hangisiydi? | Which of them (was the one who) won? |
| Hangi-ler-iniz-den para istediler? | From which (ones) of you did they ask for money?' |
hangi can be used with an ablative- or genitive-marked modifier including the ablative-marked forms of iç- or ara- 'among':
| (Asistanlardan) hangisi bugün görevli? | Which one (of the assistants) is on duty today? |
| İçinizdenden/aranızdan hangisi bu işte gönüllü olarak çalışmak istiyor (sunuz)? | Which one among you would like to work as a volunteer?' |
kaç "how many"
kaç is used for inquiring about the number of entities denoted by a noun phrase. It occupies the position of a numeral in a noun phrase and can be used with the enumerator tane and measure terms such as avuç a "handful" , and is followed by a noun without plural marking.
| Günde kaç (tane) çay istiyorsun? | How many [cups of] tea do you drink a day? |
| Bir günde kaç saat uyuyorsun? | How many hours do you sleep a day? |
| Okula bu yil kaç kişi alacaksiniz? | How many people will you admit to the school this year? |
As a pronoun (suffixed with a possessive marker, it can occur with modifiers, which are usually ablative-marked, but can also be genitive- marked
| Ogrencilerden kaçı derse girmemiş? | How many of the students appear to have been absent? |
As in the case of hangi above, the modifier in the partitive construction can be an ablative-marked phrase based on ig- or ara- "among":
| içinizden kaçı araba kullanmayi biliyor? 'How many of you know how to drive?' |
kaç is also used when asking about clock time:
| Saat kaç? 'What time is it?' |
In questions about a person's age, kaç is the modifier in a -si compound:
| O çocuk kaç yaşında? How old is that child? |
ne kadar "how much"
ne kadar 'how much' is used for asking about the following:
The quantity of a particular (usually uncountable) inanimate entity:
| Muhallebiye ne kadar şeker koyulur? | How much sugar is used in milk pudding? |
| Bundan ne kadar istiyorsun? | How much of this do you want? |
The degree to which a particular adjective or adverb is applicable:
| Yeni evi acaba ne kadar büyük? | How big, I wonder, is his/her new home? |
| Bu araba ne kadar hızlı gider? | How fast does this car go? |
The price of an item:
| Bu etek ne kadar? | How much is this skırt? |
The quantity of time or space involved in a particular action, in which case it is used adverbially:
| Bu sabah ne kadar koştun? | How long/how much did you run this morning? |
| Ameliyat ne kadar sürecek? | How long will the operation last? |
ne kadar is usually used with zaman 'time' as the complement of temporal postpositions
| Ne kadar (zaman) dir Londra'da oturuyorsunuz? | How long have you been living in London? |
With the addition of a 3rd person possessive suffix, the pronominalized form ne kadari can he used with a genitive-marked modifier:
| Iş-in ne kadar-in-i Zeynep'e birakacaksin? | How much of the job will you leave to Zeynep? |
ne zaman - ne vakit "when"
ne zaman/ne vakit is used for questioning the time of an event.
| Ne zaman eve gidiyorsun? | When are you going home? |
It also occurs in postpositional phrases where the complement is a time expression:
| Ne zamandan beri sigara içiyorsun? | Since when have you been smoking? |
| Ne zamana kadar bekleyeyim? | When shall I wait till? |
neden, niye, niçin 'why'
neden, niye, and niçin (pronounced occur in questions which seek the reason or motive for an action or state of affairs:
| Kedilere niye/niçin/neden dogru dürüst yemek vermiyorsun? | Why aren't you feeding the cats properly? |
| O kadın neden ağlıyor? | Why ıs that woman crying? |
nasıl "how"
nasıl "how" is used in questions which inquire about the manner in which an action is performed:
| Senira'nin evine nasil gidiliyor? | How does one go to Semra's house? |
| Bunu bana nasil yapabildin? | How could you do this to me? |
It can occur as a subject complement in linking sentences:
It can also occur as a determiner, often with a following bir. In this usage, it can be replaced by ne gibi what kind of:
| Nasil/ne gibi bir eve taşınmak istiyorsunuz? | What kind of house do you want to move to? |
| Ayşe nasıl bir insan? | What kind of person is Ayşe? |
nasıl appears with ol- 'be' and dA in a number of phrases such as nasıl oldu da/nasıl olmuş da 'how come', 'how was it that', nasıl oluyor da 'how is it that':
| Nasıl oldu da bu kadar az çalışarak üniversiteyi bitirebildi? | How come s/he worked so little and still managed to finish university? |
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