There are two groups of consonants in the Turkish alphabet :
- A) Voiceless consonants: ç f h k p s ş t
- B) Voiced consonants: All other consonants
The voiceless consonants ç k p and t may be replaced by their voiced counterparts c ğ b and d.
We can show them by following symbols:
Two sorts of consonants change may occur
1) The initial consonant of the suffix may be changed.
When the suffix begins with the variable consonant t/d or ç / c :
a. If the suffix is attached to a voice consonant , the first variable consonant appears as d or c
| · cam | glass |
| · cancı | glass- seller |
| · çay | tea |
| · çaycı | tea maker - tea seller |
| · güzel | pretty |
| · güzeldir | is pretty |
| · uzun | tall |
| · uzundur | is tall |
| · kalın | thick |
| · kalındır | is thick |
b. If the suffix is attached to a voiceless consonant, the initial consonant of the suffix appears as ç or t
| · süt | milk |
| · sütçü | milkman |
| · aş | cooked food |
| · aşçı | cook |
| · balık | fish |
| · balıkçı | fishman |
| · büyük | big |
| · büyüktür | is big |
| · küçük | small |
| · küçüktür | is small |
| · genç | young |
| · gençtir | is young |
2) Final consonant of preceding word may be changed.
When the final letter is a voiceless variable consonant, it remains unchanged unless it is followed by a suffixed vowel.
| balık | balıkçı | balığı |
| fısh | fisherman | the fish (objective definite) |
| koltuk | koltukta | koltuğu |
| armchair | in the armchair | the armchair (objective definite) |
| ağaç | ağaçta | ağacı |
| tree | in the tree | the tree (objective definite) |
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