There are two groups of consonants in the Turkish alphabet :
- A) Voiceless consonants: ç f h k p s ş t
- B) Voiced consonants: All other consonants
The voiceless consonants ç k p and t may be replaced by their voiced counterparts c ğ b and d.
We can show them by following symbols:
Two sorts of consonants change may occur
1) The initial consonant of the suffix may be changed.
When the suffix begins with the variable consonant t/d or ç / c :
a. If the suffix is attached to a voice consonant , the first variable consonant appears as d or c
· cam | glass |
· cancı | glass- seller |
· çay | tea |
· çaycı | tea maker - tea seller |
· güzel | pretty |
· güzeldir | is pretty |
· uzun | tall |
· uzundur | is tall |
· kalın | thick |
· kalındır | is thick |
b. If the suffix is attached to a voiceless consonant, the initial consonant of the suffix appears as ç or t
· süt | milk |
· sütçü | milkman |
· aş | cooked food |
· aşçı | cook |
· balık | fish |
· balıkçı | fishman |
· büyük | big |
· büyüktür | is big |
· küçük | small |
· küçüktür | is small |
· genç | young |
· gençtir | is young |
2) Final consonant of preceding word may be changed.
When the final letter is a voiceless variable consonant, it remains unchanged unless it is followed by a suffixed vowel.
balık | balıkçı | balığı |
fısh | fisherman | the fish (objective definite) |
koltuk | koltukta | koltuğu |
armchair | in the armchair | the armchair (objective definite) |
ağaç | ağaçta | ağacı |
tree | in the tree | the tree (objective definite) |
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