The Simple Present Tense - Geniş Zaman

The Simple Present Tense has a number of different forms depending on the verb base to which it is added.

Verbs ending in a vowel take -R

oku-rum	i read
bekle-rsin	you wait
başla-rlar	they start
anla-rız	we understand
iste-r	he wants
topla-rsınız	you collect

Olumlu-Affirmative

Verb stem	r	Personal suffix
oku	r	um	i read
oku	r	sun	you read
oku	r		he/she reads
oku	r	uz	we read
oku	r	sunuz	you read
oku	r	lar	they read

Olumsuz-Negative

Verb Stem	me/ma (z)	Personal suffix
oku	ma	m	i don’t read
oku	maz	sin	you don’t read
oku	maz		he/she doesn’t read
oku	ma	yız	we don’t read
oku	maz	sınız	you don’t read
oku	maz	lar	they don’t read

Soru-Interrogative

oku	r	mu	yum?	do ı read?
oku	r	mu	sun?	do you read?
oku	r	mu?		does he /she read
oku	r	mu	yuz?	do we read?
oku	r	mu	sunuz?	do you read?
oku	rlar	mı?		do they read?

Olumsuz Soru-Negative interrogative

oku	maz	mı	yım?	don’t i read?
oku	maz	mısın?		don’t you read?
oku	maz	mı?		doesn’t he/she read?
oku	maz	mı	yız?	don’t we read?
oku	maz	mı	sınız?	don’t you read?
oku	mazlar	mı?		don’t they read?

Examples:
Genellikle haftada iki kez tenis oynarım.
İ usually play tennis twice a week. Su 100 santigrat derecede kaynar.
Water boils at 100 degrees centigrade. Her gün yürürüm.
I walk every day. Her akşam kitap okurum.
I read book every evening.

2. Verbs ending in a consonant take -İR or -ER.

The rules for this distinction are as follows:

A. Verbs of more than one syllable take the suffix -İR; variants are -ir, -ir, -ür, -ur.

Olumlu-Affirmative

göster-ir-im	i show
göster-ir-sin	you show
göster-ir	he/she shows
göster-ir-iz	we show
göster-ir-siniz	you show
göster-ir-ler	they show

Olumsuz-Negative

göstermem	i don’t show
göstermezsin	you don’t show
göstermez	he /she doesn’t show
göstermeyiz	we don’t show
göstermezsiniz	you don’t show
göstermezler	they don’t show

Soru-Interrogative

gösterir  miyim?	do i show?
gösterir  misin?	do you show?
gösterir  mi?	does he/she show?
gösterir  miyiz?	do we show?
gösterir  misiniz?	do you show?
gösterirler mi?	do they show?

Olumsuz soru-Negative interrogative

göstermez  miyim?	don’t i show?
göstermez misin?	don’t you show?
göstermez mi?	doesn’t he/she show?
göstermez miyim?	don’t we show?
göstermez misiniz?	don’t you show?
göstermezler mi?	don’t they show?

göster-ir-im	I show
otur-ur-sunuz	You seat
çalış-ır	He works
öksür-ür-üz	We cough

Her sabah erken kalkarım.
İ get up early every morning. Hemşireler hastalara bakarlar.
Nurses look after patients. Dünya güneşin çevresinde döner
The world goes round the world.

B. The following one-syllable verbs also take -İR:

alır	he takes
bilir	he knows
bulur	he finds
durur	he stops
gelir	he comes
görür	he sees
kalır	he stays
olur	he becomes
ölür	he dies
sanır	he thinks
varır	he arrives
verir	he gives
vurur	he hits

Olumlu-Affirmative

verb stem	(a,e,ı,i,ü,u)r	Personal suffix
gel	ir	im	i come
gel	ir	sin	you come
gel	ir		he/she comes
gel	ir	iz	we come
gel	ir	siniz	you come
gel	ir	ler	they come

Olumsuz-Negative

Verb stem  me/ ma(z) personal suffix
gel	me	m	i don’t come
gel	mez	sin	you don’t come
gel	mez		he/she doesn’t come
gel	me	yiz	we don’t come
gel	mez	siniz	you don’t come
gel	mez	ler	they don’t come

Olumlu Soru-Interrogative

mı mi mu mü
gel	ir	mi	yim?	do ı come?
gel	ir	mi	sin?	do you come?
gel	ir	mi?	-	does he/she come?
gel	ir	mi	yiz?	do we come?
gel	ir	mi	siniz?	do you come?
gel	irler	mi?	-	do they come?

Olumsuz Soru-Negative Interrogative

mez /maz
gel	mez	mi	yim?	don’t i come?
gel	mez	mi	sin?	don’t you come?
gel	mez	mi?		doesn’t he/she come?
gel	mez	mi	yiz?	don’t we come?
gel	mez	mi	siniz?	don’t you come?
gel	mez	ler mi?		don’t they come?

Güneş batıda doğmaz
The sun doesn’t rise in the west Her akşam televizyon izlemeyiz
We don’t watch television every evening Ben sık çay içmem
I don’t often drink tea Fare kedi yakalamaz
Mice don’t catch cats Her sabah erken kalkar mısın?
Do you get up early every day? Her akşam kitap okur mu?
Does she read book every evening? Dünya güneşin çevresinde döner mi?
Does the world go round the sun? Her gün yürür müsün?
Do you walk every day? Her sabah erken kalkmaz mısın?
Don’t you get up early every morning? Dünya güneşin çevresinde dönmez mi?
Doesn’t the world go round the sun? Her gün yürümez misin?
Don’t you walk every day? Sık televizyon izlemez misiniz?
Don’t you often watch television?

C. All the other one-syllable verbs take -ER; variants are -er, -ar:

gider	he goes
böler	he devides
tutar	he holds
açar	he opens
çalar	he rings
koşar	he runs

Uses of the Simple Present Tense has several different uses. It is used to express actions done habitually or repeatedly, and also to make statements that are true and valid at all times.
Her sabah altıda kalkarım.
I get up at six every morning. Uçak İstanbul'a üç saatte gider.
The plane reaches istanbul in three hours. İngilizler bu yemeği bilmez.
The British do not know this dish.
In this sense of the Simple Present Tense, it is possible to replace it with -(İ)YOR; in fact in colloquial Turkish -(İ)YOR seems to be replacing the Simple Present Tense quite systematically.
Her sabah iki bardak çay içiyorum.
I drink two glasses of tea every morning. Tren Ankara'ya sekiz saatte gidiyor.
The train goes to Ankara in eight hours.
Another use of the Simple Present Tense is to express action done voluntarily, willingly and to indicate a hope to do something.
Bu mektubu öğleye kadar bitiririm.
I'll finish this letter by noon. Hafta sonunda sinemaya gideriz.
We'll go to the cinema at the weekend. Ali sana haber verir.
Ali will let you know.
In this sense, the Simple Present Tense seems to mean the same thing as the future, but there is an important difference: the future is more a statement of fact, indicating that the action mentioned will definitely take place. The Simple Present Tense on the other hand indicates an intention, a willingness. Simple Present Tense: Sana telefon ederim. I'll ring you. Future: Sana telefon edeceğim. I shall ring you. As it conveys an intention rather than a certainty, the word belki 'perhaps' is frequently used with the Simple Present Tense.
Belki erken gelir.
Perhaps he'll come early. Belki biraz sonra gelirler.
Perhaps they'll come a little later.

The Simple Present Tense is often used as a polite request asking for something to be done, or offering something.

The question form is then used:
Lütfen başlar mısınız?
Would you start please? Kapıyı kapar mısınız?
Would you close the door? Kahve ister misiniz?
Would you like (some) coffee? Ne içersiniz?
What would you like to drink?
The verbs gitmek and etmek in the Simple Present Tense The last letter "t" in the stems of those verbs in a variable consonant (t/d

giderim	i go
gidersin	you go
gider	he /she goes
gideriz	we go
gidersiniz	you go
giderler	they go

ederim	i do
edersin	you do
eder	he does
ederiz	we do
edersiniz	you do
ederler	they do